Early detection is key to protecting yourself from cervical cancer. Thanks to simple screening tests and minimally invasive procedures, it’s often possible to catch abnormal cells before they develop into cancerous ones.
Routine Screening
According to the American Cancer Society, people with a cervix should be screened for cervical cancer every 3 to 5 years between the ages of 25 and 65.
The preferred method for screening is an HPV test performed by your healthcare provider every 5 years. During a routine gynecological visit, they’ll collect a sample of cervical cells by gently brushing your cervix with a specialized tool.
This test can be done alongside a Pap smear, which involves inspecting cells for abnormalities.
It’s also possible to collect a cervical sample yourself every 3 years by using a test kit approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Association (FDA). This test isn’t available over the counter, though, so you’ll still need to have your doctor or a telehealth provider order it.
Keep in mind, if a self-collected HPV test shows anything abnormal, you’ll need to see a doctor for follow-up.
People at higher risk, such as those with previous abnormal test results, should consult their doctor for the best screening plan for their situation.
Colposcopy and Cervical Biopsy
If the Pap smear detects any abnormalities, your doctor will likely order more testing, such as a colposcopy, to look for cells that might be cancerous. During a colposcopy, your doctor uses a magnification tool called a colposcope to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva.
A cervical biopsy may be taken to screen for cancerous changes. There are several types of biopsies your doctor may perform, depending on your case. The types include:
- Punch Biopsy During this procedure, your doctor uses a sharp tool to remove a core of tissue.
- Endocervical Curettage Your doctor will use a small instrument to scrape tissue from the cervix.
- Electrical Wire Loop Your doctor will use a low-voltage electrified wire to remove a small sample from the cervix.
- Cone Biopsy In this more extensive procedure, your doctor will remove a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix
